Efektivitas Pembelajaran Berbasis Steam Terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kreatif dan Self-Efficacy Siswa pada Materi Persamaan Linier
Keywords:
Berpikir Kreatif, Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek, Pembelajaran Berbasis STEAM, Self-EfficacyAbstract
Pengembangan kompetensi abad ke-21 membutuhkan pembelajaran matematika yang tidak hanya menumbuhkan pemahaman konseptual tetapi juga keterampilan berpikir kreatif dan efikasi diri. Namun, kompetensi ini seringkali terbelakang di sekolah menengah kejuruan karena pendekatan pembelajaran yang berpusat pada guru. Penelitian ini mengkaji efektivitas Project-Based Learning (PjBL) berbasis STEAM terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif dan efikasi diri siswa dalam sistem pembelajaran persamaan linier dalam dua variabel. Desain kelompok kontrol pretest-posttest kuasi-eksperimental digunakan yang melibatkan 60 siswa kelas sepuluh dari program Desain Komunikasi Visual (DKV). Kelompok eksperimental menerima PjBL berbasis STEAM, sedangkan kelompok kontrol menerima PjBL konvensional. Keterampilan berpikir kreatif diukur menggunakan tes esai (kefasihan, fleksibilitas, orisinalitas, elaborasi) dan efikasi diri melalui kuesioner skala Likert, keduanya divalidasi melalui penilaian ahli dengan alfa Cronbach 0,76 dan 0,87. Data dianalisis menggunakan korelasi Pearson dan MANCOVA. Kelompok eksperimen mengungguli kelompok kontrol dalam pemikiran kreatif (M = 86,50, SD = 3,72 vs. M = 75,27, SD = 3,25; N-Gain = 0,65 vs. 0,36, kategori sedang) dan efikasi diri (M = 88,00, SD = 2,56 vs. M = 76,93, SD = 2,96; N-Gain = 0,33 vs. 0,19, kategori sedang vs. rendah). MANCOVA mengkonfirmasi efek simultan yang signifikan (Lambda Wilks = 0,010, p < 0,05, η² = 0,990), dan korelasi yang sangat kuat antara kedua variabel (r = 0,978, p < 0,01). Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa STEAM+PjBL memberikan pengalaman belajar yang bermakna, kontekstual, dan interdisipliner yang secara bersamaan meningkatkan kreativitas dan kepercayaan diri, dan direkomendasikan sebagai strategi instruksional yang inovatif dalam pendidikan matematika kejuruan.
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